Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Spatial Data Types

GIS data can be categorized into two primary types:

Vector Data: Represents discrete objects with well-defined boundaries, such as points, lines, and polygons. Examples include locations of landmarks, roads, and administrative boundaries.
Raster Data: Represents continuous data through a grid of cells or pixels, where each cell has a value. Examples include satellite imagery, elevation models, and climate data.

Read more on Types of GIS Data Explored: Vector and Raster [links to blog post].

Coordinate Systems and Projections

Coordinate systems are used to define the locations of features on the Earth's surface. Projections are methods used to represent the curved surface of the Earth on a flat map, each with its own strengths and distortions. Understanding different coordinate systems and projections is crucial for accurate spatial analysis and map creation.

More resources for coordinate systems and map projections:

• What is the Difference Between a Map Projection and a Coordinate System? [links to blog post]
• Coordinate systems, map projections, and transformations [links to Esri ArcGIS Pro Help Guide]
• Geographic vs Projected Coordinate Systems [links to Esri blog post]

Data Collection and Sources

GIS relies on diverse data sources, including satellite imagery, surveys, GPS, and existing databases. Knowing how to source and collect accurate spatial data is fundamental to an effective GIS analysis.

Spatial Analysis

This involves examining the relationships and patterns within spatial data. Techniques such as buffering, overlay analysis, and spatial querying help in understanding spatial relationships and making informed decisions.

Cartography and Map Design

Effective communication of spatial information often requires well-designed maps. Cartography involves creating maps that are not only accurate but also aesthetically pleasing and easy to interpret. Key elements include map layout, symbology, and labeling.

• HOD 3890: Special Topics in Human and Organizational Development: GIS for Social Impact
• ANTH 3261: Introduction to Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing
• CE 4100: Geographic Information Systems (GIS)