AADS 4108 - Medical Apartheid: Race, Gender and Health

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Health Status Disparities:  Variation in rates of disease occurrence and disabilities between population groups defined by various factors including socioeconomic characteristics, age, ethnicity, economic resources, or gender and populations identified geographically or similar measures.

Socioeconomic Disparities in Health: Differences in health based on socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic-based health disparities often begins early in life due to various SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS, e.g. social, economic and educational statuses that limit potential or realized access to resources for maintaining health.

Healthcare Disparities  Differences in access to or availability of medical facilities and services

Systemic Racism (used instead of Structural Racism, be aware):  Processes of racism that are embedded in laws (local, state, and federal), policies, and practices of society and its institutions that provide advantages to racial groups deemed as superior, while differentially oppressing, disadvantaging, or otherwise neglecting racial groups viewed as inferior. Differential access to the goods, services, and opportunities of society by race. Institutionalized racism is normative, sometimes legalized, and often manifests as inherited disadvantage.

Social Determinants of Health: The circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work, and age, as well as the systems put in place to deal with illness. These circumstances are in turn shaped by a wider set of forces: economics, social policies, and politics

Maternal Health: The health of women during PREGNANCY; childbirth and the POSTPARTUM PERIOD.

Maternal Mortality: Maternal deaths resulting from complications of pregnancy and childbirth in a given population

Health Equity: Opportunity to attain full health potential and no one is disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of their social position or other socially determined circumstance.

Heath Inequities: Differences in health status or in the distribution of health resources between different population groups, arising from the social conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age

Informed Consent: Voluntary authorization, by a patient or research subject, with full comprehension of the risks involved, for diagnostic or investigative procedures, and for medical and surgical treatment.

Human Experimentation: The use of humans as investigational subjects

Ethics, Medical: The principles of professional conduct concerning the rights and duties of the physician, relations with patients and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the physician in patient care and interpersonal relations with patient families

Patient Rights: Fundamental claims of patients, as expressed in statutes, declarations, or generally accepted moral principles. (Bioethics Thesaurus) The term is used for discussions of patient rights as a group of many rights, as in a hospital's posting of a list of patient rights.

Paternalism:  Interference with the FREEDOM or PERSONAL AUTONOMY of another person, with justifications referring to the promotion of the person's good or the prevention of harm to the person. (from Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, 1995); more generally, not allowing a person to make decisions on his or her own behalf.